Initial submission, September 11, 2009; final acceptance December 4, 2009 Maps provide a means for visual communication of spatial information. The success of this communication process largely rests on the design and symbolization choices made by the cartographer. For static mapmaking we have seen substantial research in how our design decisions can influence the legibility of the map’s messag...

Communication through vision involves visual apprenticeship that demands ocular integrity, which results in the importance of the evaluation of visual acuity. The scale of images, formed by optotypes, is a method for the verification of visual acuity in kindergarten children. To identify the optotype the child needs to know the image in analysis. Given the importance of visual communication dur...

Specific residue interactions as revealed from a few and readily available experiments can be quite important in shaping a protein's tertiary topology by complementing basic and general folding principles. This experimental information is employed in structure prediction (mainchain topology) based on sequence knowledge and the genetic algorithm with its ability to optimize simultaneously many p...

religious knowledge is consists of doctrines that could be attain with amethodological cognition and inquiry concerning religious sources. but theprerequisite of this kind of knowledge is some principles that from whichscholarly studies on religion is begin and leads to conclusion. allamehtabatabaei, in his efforts to achieve a regular and accurate cognition ofreligion according to his special ...

Objectives: Delinquency is one of the severe social problems. Today, changing criminal behavior and reducing the way and method of delinquency is one of the most important challenges in the juvenile justice system. Methods: Based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, this study used three principles of Red Cross and Red Crescent fundamental principles, three skills of basic life skills, and fi...

While the ubiquity and importance of nonliteral language are clear, people’s ability to use and understand it remains a mystery. Metaphor in particular has been studied extensively across many disciplines in cognitive science. One approach focuses on the pragmatic principles that listeners utilize to infer meaning from metaphorical utterances. While this approach has generated a number of insig...