Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been widely studied in the literature since its inception with Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes work in 1978. The methodology behind the classical DEA method is to determine how much improvements in the outputs (inputs) dimensions is necessary in order to render them efficient. One of the underlying assumptions of this methodology is that the units consume and prod...

Background & Aims of the Study: 4-Nitrotoluene (4NT) is a toxic, resistant, and carcinogenic pollutant. The current study aimed to investigate the degradation and mineralization of 4NT regarded as one of the components of petrochemical wastewater using MnO2/Clinoptilolite (CP)/O3 process. The present study also examined the effect of several operational parameters. Materials and Methods:  S...

Intervals are related to the representation of uncertainty. In this sense, we introduce an integral of Gould type for an interval-valued multifunction relative to an interval-valued set multifunction, with respect to Guo and Zhang order relation. Classicaland specific properties of this new type of integral are established and several examples and applications from multicriteria decision making...

It is commonly accepted that species interactions such as granivory are more intense in the tropics. However, this has rarely been tested. A global dataset of post-dispersal seed removal by invertebrates and vertebrates for 79 native plant species from semi-natural and natural terrestrial habitats ranging from 55° N to 45° S, was compiled from the global literature to test the hypothesis that p...

In this paper, we first use a fuzzy preference relation with a membership function representing preference degree forcomparing two interval-valued fuzzy numbers and then utilize a relative preference relation improved from the fuzzypreference relation to rank a set of interval-valued fuzzy numbers. Since the fuzzy preference relation is a total orderingrelation that satisfies reciprocal and tra...

this study presents a review on advanced oxidation processes (aop) for simultaneous removal of no and so2. aop is based on using a strong oxidant such as ozone and h2o2 which is able to generate highly reactive intermediates. the pollutant will be oxidized and removed by these intermediates. in recent years, aop has been considered as an effective and attractive technology in the field of flue ...

Let $ { mathcal{R}} L$ be the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a frame $L$ as the pointfree  version of $C(X)$, the ring of all real-valued continuous functions on a topological space $X$. Since $C_c(X)$ is the largest subring of $C(X)$ whose elements have countable image, this motivates us to present the pointfree  version of $C_c(X).$The main aim of this paper is to present t...

A novel approach to the problem of regression modeling for fuzzy input-output data is introduced.In order to estimate the parameters of the model, a distance on the space of interval-valued quantities is employed.By minimizing the sum of squared errors, a class of regression models is derived based on the interval-valued data obtained from the $alpha$-level sets of fuzzy input-output data.Then,...

The results of psychophysical studies suggest that displacement velocity may contribute significantly to the sensation of subcortical somatosensory neurons. The cortical correlates of these phenomena, however, are not known. In the present study the responses of rapidly adapting (RA) neurons in the forelimb region of cat primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to controlled displacement of skin and h...