Interest in nephrology among trainees is waning in the USA. Early perceptions and attitudes to subject matter can be linked to the quality of pre-clinical curricula. We wanted to explore these attitudes in the setting of modern curriculum redesign. We utilized Q methodology to understand first-year medical student attitudes after an innovative kidney physiology curriculum redesign that focuses ...

The application of model-based drug development in special populations becomes increasingly important for clinical trial optimization, mostly by providing a rationale for dose selection and thereby aiding risk-benefit assessment. In this article, a semiphysiological approach is presented, enabling the extrapolation of the pharmacokinetics from healthy subjects to patients with different disease...

Human urotensin-II (hU-II) is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors in mammals. Although both hU-II and its receptor, GPR14, are detected in several tissues, kidney is a major source of U-II in humans. Recent studies suggest that U-II may have a possible autocrine/paracrine functions in kidney and may be an important target molecule in studying renal pathophysiology. It has several effects on...

OBJECTIVE Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the most common causes of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Here, we aimed to investigate the risk factors of ARF in patients with SAP, assess the prognosis of patients with SAP and ARF, and seek potential measures to prevent ARF. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze the data from patients with SAP. Both un...

Although coliform bacteria are the organisms most commonly recovered from the urine of patients with pyelonephritis, they seldom cause infection in the absence of some kind of renal injury.' These bacteria are not suitable, therefore, for experiments designed to study alterations of structure and function attributable to infection alone. For these purposes it would seem preferable to employ mic...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in normal cellular physiology. They regulate different biologic processes such as cell defense, hormone synthesis and signaling, activation of G protein-coupled receptors, and ion channels and kinases/phosphatases. ROS are also important regulators of transcription factors and gene expression. On the other hand, in pathologic conditions, a su...

Analysis of temporal trends in medicine is needed to understand normal physiology and to study the evolution of disease processes. It is also useful for monitoring response to drugs and interventions, and for accountability and tracking of health care resources. In this review, we discuss what makes time series analysis unique for the purposes of renal research and its limitations. We also intr...

INTRODUCTION The Fontan procedure is an intervention that helps to correct single ventricle physiology. There are many known long-term complications of 'Fontan physiology'. However, the occurrence of renal abscess in such patients has not yet been reported in the literature. The first generation of adults has now undergone the procedure and it is necessary to be aware of the long-term outcomes ...

PREGNANCY IS A COMPLEX PHYSIOLOGICAL condition that involves the integration of a variety of regulatory and organ systems. Many aspects of maternal and fetal adaptations during pregnancy have been addressed by recent publications in the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. Articles include investigations on cardiac, vascular, endothelial (1, 7), ren...