Recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are connected with pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, glucocorticoids have fundamental regulatory roles on the immune system, and act as potent therapeutic compounds for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) which accumulates inside the cells in response...

Decline in cellular immunity in aging compromises protection against infectious diseases and leads to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to infection. In particular, Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against virus is markedly reduced in an aged immune system. It is of great importance to explore novel strategy in eliciting effective antiviral CTL activity in the elderly...

inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract and includes ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease. during last decades, the incidence of ibd   has increased, both in children as well as in adults (1–3). while the precise etiology of ibd is unknown, inflammatory bowel disease occure due to an abnormal immune response to luminal antigens i...

background: cell mediated immunity, especially cytotoxic t cell responses against hiv-1 infection, plays a critical role in controlling viral replication and disease progres-sion. dna vaccine is a novel technology which is known to stimulate strong cellular immune responses. many dna vaccines have been tested for hiv infection but there is still no effective vaccine against this infection. cons...

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in many regions of Iran, including the city of Mashhad. In recent years, some cases have not responded to Glucantime, the usual treatment for this disease. The cellular immune response caused by T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells has an important role in protection against leishmaniasis, and activation of the T-helper type 2 (Th2) response caus...

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections in immunocompromised individuals. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has made P. aeruginosa infections progressively difficult to treat. In this study we evaluated the effect of a chimeric protein containing a P. aeruginosa PilQ fragment and the PilA disulfide loo...