نتایج جستجو برای: such as albedo
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the history of plant’s used for mankind is as old as the start of humankind. initially, people used plants for their nutritional proposes but after the discovery of medicinal properties, this natural ?ora became a useful source of disease cure and health improvement across various human communities. berberis vulgaris is one of the medicinal plants used in iranian traditional medicine. berberis ...
Snow albedo feedback is one of the most crucial feedback processes that control equilibrium climate sensitivity, which is a central parameter for better prediction of future climate change. However, persistent large discrepancies and uncertainties are found in snow albedo feedback estimations. Remotely sensed snow cover products, atmospheric reanalysis data and radiative kernel data are used in...
Introduction: Reprocessed far encounter data from Mariner 6 and 7 (1969) provide a valuable timestep with which to examine large scale surface processes on Mars. Although low resolution (20 km/pixel), the Mariner 6 and 7 far encounter images easily resolve large scale albedo features (>100 km). Planetary observers over the last century have tracked variations in size, shape, and location of alb...
A simple yet accurate parameterization of spectral and broadband ocean surface albedo has been developed. To facilitate the parameterization and its applications, the albedo is parameterized for the direct and diffuse incident radiation separately, and then each of them is further divided into two components: the contributions from surface and water, respectively. The four albedo components are...
Albedo plays an important role in land–atmosphere interactions and local climate. This study presents the impact on simulating regional climate, and the evolution of a drought, when using the default climatological albedo as is usually done in regional climate modelling, or using the actual observed albedo which is rarely done. Here, timevarying satellite derived albedo data is used to update t...
[1] The applicability of the Rayleigh-Gans approximation (RGA) for scattering by snowflakes is studied in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Both the shapes of the single ice crystals, or monomers, and their amounts in the modeled snowflakes are varied. For reference, the discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) is used to produce numerically accurate solutions to the single-scatt...
abstract:assume that y is a banach space such that r(y ) ? 2, where r(.) is garc?a-falset’s coefficient. and x is a banach space which can be continuously embedded in y . we prove that x can be renormed to satisfy the weak fixed point property (w-fpp). on the other hand, assume that k is a scattered compact topological space such that k(!) = ? ; and c(k) is the space of all real continuous ...
?it is of utmost priority for an experienced teacher to train the mind of the students, and enable them to think critically and correctly. the most important question here is that how to develop such a crucial ability? this study examines a new way to the development of critical thinking utilizing critical discourse analytical tools. to attain this goal, two classes of senior english la...
In recent years, high-albedo materials and products have been utilized for urban building roofs and roads to lower their surface temperatures. These high-albedo materials and products include those with spectral selectivity. Accordingly, a numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the spectral dependency and characteristics of the urban albedo. The distribution of the spectral albedo re...
the rise and stublishment of safavid dynasty was depend on triangle of tasavof, tashayo and royalty, kings legitimized their power upon these. therefore for the understanding the functions of that period we must explore the role of this elements. although application and emphsise upon dignities such as; complete mentor (morshede kamel), deputy of absent imam (nayebe imame ghayeb), and god’s sha...
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