Introduction: When a new scale is designed, it is expected that by following the development processes, extensive information can be obtained regarding the scale assessment. The main aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable scale proportionate to the culture of the employees surveyed, in order to identify and measure the improvements of infection-control criterion for Hepatitis B ...

Background: Development and psychometric properties of an instrument in general health should be methodologically strong and follow standard procedures. An important factor of mental health is praying. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing students' attitude towards prayer. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 students in the Jan. 2017 at th...

Introduction: Social sustainability is one of the most important factors in urban planning and management, and it requires a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of development and psychometrics of "Social Sustainability Scale in Urban Neighborhood" in Zanjan city. Methods: The current research is a qualitative-quantitative methodology. At ...

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

Background and Objective: Proper and adequate physical activity during pregnancy significantly impacts maternal health and fetal development. Unfortunately, no tools are available to measure the self-efficacy of sports activity in Iranian pregnant women. Material and Methods: After translating the questionnaire by the forward-backward method, the quantitative and qualitative face validity and ...

Background and Objectives: The pandemic of HIV/AIDS is spreading rapidly in the Middle East, in particular in Iran. Designing an educational program involves assessment of the educational needs of people with valid and culture-based tools. This study was conducted with the aim of psychometric analysis of an instrument for assessment of HIV/AIDS knowledge based on the Iranian culture in differen...