We present an analysis of the space-time dynamics of oceanic sea states exploiting stereo imaging techniques. In particular, a novel Wave Acquisition Stereo System (WASS) has been developed and deployed at the oceanographic tower Acqua Alta in the Northern Adriatic Sea, off the Venice coast in Italy. The analysis of WASS video measurements yields accurate estimates of the oceanic sea state dyna...

This chapter addresses strategies for selecting variables for adjustment in nonexperimental comparative effectiveness research (CER), and uses causal graphs to illustrate the causal network relating treatment to outcome. While selection approaches should be based on an understanding of the causal network representing the common cause pathways between treatment and outcome, the true causal netwo...

Challenging the contention that statistical methods applied to large numbers of cases invariably provide better grounds for causal inference, this article explores the value of a method of systematic process analysis that can be applied in a small number of cases. It distinguishes among three modes of explanation – historically specific, multivariate and theoryoriented – and argues that systema...

background the purpose of this study was to compare the mental health and daily stress in periodontal diseases and normal group. material and methods a causal comparative method was carried out. using the screening sampling method, the sample subjects were selected from 20 patients with periodontal diseases and 20 attendants of patient as normal group. the two groups were matched from age, sex,...

Counterfactual analysis has a long and distinguished history in comparative research. To some, counterfactual analysis is central to comparative inquiry because such research typically embraces only a handful of empirical cases (Fearon 1991). If there are only a few instances (e.g., of revolution), then researchers, of necessity, must compare empirical cases to hypothetical cases. The affinity ...

Among the complex large quantity of sports phenomenon and sports issues, we need to discuss the causal relationship and essential rule in between. Mathematical statistics is one of the common and practical methods for causal inference. In order to better understand, select, and use mathematical statistic methods, and to avoid deviation of research result due to misuse or even abuse of statistic...

Agriculture is a complicated system, related to a wide range of environments, which is difficult to deal with perfectly. Web-based agricultural support system (WASS) has been proposed to applicable support agricultural activities, which combines web technologies and agricultural systems. In this paper we analyze the basic characters of the web-based agricultural support system and then describe...

objectives: according to the gateway drug theory, tobacco use is a predisposing factor for future substance abuse. this study was conducted to compare nicotine and opiate dependents to identify the differences between their personality traits and psychopathology that makes them turn to other substances after cigarette smoking. methods: a causal-comparative study was conducted. three groups were...