OBJECTIVE Sinemet, a combination drug containing carbidopa and levodopa is considered the gold standard therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). When approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1988, a maximum daily dosage limit of 800 mg (eight tablets) of the 25/100 carbidopa/levodopa formulation was introduced. Overall, the FDA approval was a historic success; however...

In this paper we study the topology effects on diffusion process in signed networks. Considering a simple threshold model for diffusion process, it is extended to signed networks and some appropriate definitions are proposed. This model is a basic model that could be extended and applied in analyzing dynamics of many real phenomena such as opinion forming or innovation diffusion in social netwo...

The strategy of regions [1] turns out to be a universal method for expanding Feynman integrals in various limits of momenta and masses. This strategy is reviewed and illustrated through numerous examples. In the case of typically Euclidean limits it is equivalent to well-known prescriptions within the strategy of subgraphs. For regimes typical for Minkowski space, where the strategy of subgraph...

We study the semi-classical limit of the nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson (NLSP) equation for initial data of the WKB type. The semi-classical limit in this case is realized in terms of a density-velocity pair governed by the Euler-Poisson equations. Recently we have shown in [ELT, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 50 (2001), 109–157], that the isotropic Euler-Poisson equations admit a critical threshold ph...

A method to construct bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative demapping and decoding (BICM-ID) is developed that approaches the Shannon limit very closely at high spectrum efficiency, where amplitude-phase shift keying (APSK) constellations are designed and chosen. For 1/2-rate 64APSK, the Es/N0 threshold derived through extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts is less than 0.55 dB ...

When the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) falls below a certain level, the error of the Time-of-Flight (ToF) Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) increases abruptly due to the well known threshold effect. Nevertheless, operating near and below the threshold SNR value might be necessary for many remote sensing applications due to power-related constraints. These constrains may include a limit on the ma...

We investigate local-density dependent Markov processes on a class of large graphs sampled from graphon, where the transition rates vertices are influenced by states their neighbors. show that as average degree converges to infinity (faster than given threshold), evolution process in transient regime solution set non-local integro-partial differential equations depending limit graphon. also pro...

Certain two-component reaction-diffusion systems on a finite interval are known to possess mesa (box-like) steadystate patterns in the singularly perturbed limit of small diffusivity for one of the two solution components. As the diffusivity D of the second component is decreased below some critical value Dc, with Dc = O(1), the existence of a steady-state mesa pattern is lost, triggering the o...

It is well known that spiking neurons can produce action potentials in response to extracellular stimulation above certain threshold. It is widely assumed that there is no upper limit to somatic stimulation, except for cellular or electrode damage. Here we demonstrate that there is an upper stimulation threshold, above which no action potential can be elicited, and it is below the threshold of ...

The bifurcation diagram of a model stochastic differential equation with delayed feedback is presented. We are motivated by recent research on stochastic effects in models of transcriptional gene regulation. We start from the normal form for a pitchfork bifurcation, and add multiplicative or parametric noise and linear delayed feedback. The latter is sufficient to originate a Hopf bifurcation i...