SUMMARY The planning of road, railway, and subway tracks in urban environments is a manifold task because of complex legal, environmental, economic, and structural problems. However, skills and knowledge of the participants differ substantially and computer support for complex planning still is at its beginning. Especially computer-aided collaborative planning for 3D city and building models is...

This paper focuses on two-tier City Logistics systems for advanced management of urban freight activities and, in particular, on the first layer of such systems where freight is moved from distributions centers on the outskirts of the city to satellite platforms’ by urban vehicles, from where it will be distributed to customers by other, dedicated vehicles. We address the issue of planning the ...

Planning activities in smaller Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio communities were surveyed through a questionnaire. The surveyed towns were required to be free-standing cities and suburban communities were excluded from the study. Size, class and state of location provided a basis for comparing city planning activities. Kentucky, with its advanced program for supporting community planning activities, ...

in order to respond to the problem of urban decline, different approaches have been defined in sucha way that urban regeneration approach became current in the 1980s (and more wildly after 1995) as a replacement for urban renewal. urban regeneration is the holistic process of reversing economic, social and physical decay in areas where it has reached a stage when market forces alone will not su...

Considerable effort has been made in the area of family planning in the State of Punjab. Family planning personnel has been recruited and trained at the State Family Planning Training and Research Center in Kharar; supplies of Nirodh, IUDs, oral contraceptives, and hospital equipment along with transportation facilities have been made available; and there has been some building construction....

CONTEXT Although the vast majority of Pakistani women are familiar with family planning methods, use of contraceptives remains low. Identifying the characteristics of family planning providers and health facilities that are associated with women's initiation of contraception may help program administrators devise interventions to increase contraceptive use. METHODS Logistic regression analysi...

Maintaining ecosystem services is a key adaption option towards sustainable cities and adaptive societies in securing citizens’ health wellbeing. This research investigates the contribution of using urban green space components as basic units infrastructure strategy planning for conditions services. A total 9 types spaces are selected delineated from high-resolution data. combination quantifica...