The recent development of operational small unmanned aerial systems (UASs) opens the door for their extensive use in forest mapping, as both the spatial and temporal resolution of UAS imagery better suit local-scale investigation than traditional remote sensing tools. This article focuses on the use of combined photogrammetry and “Structure from Motion” approaches in order to model the forest c...

How nitrogen (N) deposition impacts ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities has been little studied in deciduous forests or across spatial scales. Here, it was tested whether N addition decreases species richness and shifts species composition across spatial scales in temperate deciduous oak forests. Combined molecular (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), sequencing) and...

Climate warming at high northern latitudes has caused substantial increases in plant productivity of tundra vegetation and an expansion of the range of deciduous shrub species. However significant the increase in carbon (C) contained within above-ground shrub biomass, it is modest in comparison with the amount of C stored in the soil in tundra ecosystems. Here, we use a 'space-for-time' approac...

The ability to retrieve forest stem volume using CARABAS (coherent all radio band sensing) SAR images (28–60 MHz) has been investigated. The test site is a deciduous mixed forest on the island of Öland in southern Sweden. The images have been radiometrically calibrated using an array of horizontal dipoles. The images exhibit a clear discrimination between the forest and open fields. The results...

The majority of the world’s forests occur where there is a dry season long enough to affect a seasonal change in the forest community. The seasonal forest may include evergreen, semi-deciduous, deciduous trees, or some combination of these. Local differences in soil or other site characteristics often determine which community persists. Since the seasonal forests exist where there is seasonal p...

PURPOSE Rosai et al. published the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of thymic epithelial tumors in 1999, and its clinical usefulness seems to be established. It is our purpose to find the clinically relevant diagnostic points in the WHO Histological Classification of Thymoma. METHODS Thymomas surgically removed from 100 consecutive patients at Juntendo University Hospital betwee...

The paper gives a short overview about the existing data base and extraction methods for single tree detection. Forest remote sensing has a long tradition and a variety of methods for single tree extraction have already been developed. Most studies and methods focus either on the analysis of satellite images or airborne laser data and on the extraction of coniferous trees. The automatic detecti...