The arbitration decision by BPSK, can be filed with objections in accordance Law 8/1999 and annulment under 30/1999. These two actions raise questions related to the process resolve consumer disputes, protection, impact of Constitutional Court’s on awards. This is because both are contrary final binding nature award. Through doctrinal research method, it was found that three years since Decisio...

Constitutional architects usually include in constitutional texts an unamendable clause known as constitutional entrenchment. A constitutional entrenchment serves different purposes such as, shielding and preserving high valued constitutional norms and distancing the state from past autocratic practices. The study of constitutional entrenchment has attracted great attention in recent years sinc...

Since their discovery by Mandelbrot (The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Freeman, New York, 1977), fractals have experienced considerable success in quantifying the complex structure exhibited by many natural patterns and have captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike. With ever-widening appeal, they have been referred to both as ‘‘fingerprints of nature’’ (Nature 399 (1999) 422) an...

one of the important philosophical issues and debates dating back over two thousand years, and the beginning of wisdom in ancient greece has been proposed, is the problem of essence. some believe that the discussion on the issue of substance is aristotelian thought, and believe that the roots of this attribution in aristotle approach to the existence and its relation with the essence and nature...

The present study aimed to examine theposition of "Jurist Islam" discourses and "Liberal Islam"in the "Final Review of the Islamic Republic of Iran Constitution" in1979. And consider the conflict between the above-mentioned constitutionaldiscourses to gain a better understanding of these discourses and the constitution.To this aim, should find the point of the deba...

This paper discusses the claim that System Dynamics models are unable to represent constitutional change. They do represent state transitions, but not constitutional transitions. Because the latter kind of transitions is the rule rather than the exception in the study of social phenomena, this inability has serious consequences. First of all, it leads to a neglect of constitutional issues; caus...