to standardize the neuroticism, extroversion, openness personality inventory (neo pi-r), the persian version of the test was prepared and administered to a group of shiraz residents (n = 502). the means and standard deviations for the five main scales and the total 30 subscales are reporteed in this paper. the results of analysis for internal consistency and correlation coefficient showed high ...

Longitudinal studies of neuroticism have shown that, on average, neuroticism scores decrease from adolescence to adulthood. The heritability of neuroticism is estimated between 0.30 and 0.60 and does not seem to vary greatly as a function of age. Shared environmental effects are rarely reported. Less is known about the role of genetic and environmental influences on the rank order stability of ...

We show that if any number of variables are allowed to be simultaneously and independently randomized in any one experiment, log2(N) + 1 experiments are sufficient and in the worst case necessary to determine the causal relations among N ≥ 2 variables when no latent variables, no sample selection bias and no feedback cycles are present. For all K, 0 < K < 1 2N we provide an upper bound on the n...

Variation in the personality trait of neuroticism is known to be affected by genetic influences, but despite a number of association studies, the genes involved have not yet been characterized. In a recent study of platelet monoamine oxidase in 1,551 twin subjects, we found a significant association between monoamine oxidase activity and scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire neurotici...

Conventional phase II clinical trials are typically single-arm experiments, with outcome characterized by one binary “response” variable. Clinical investigators are poorly served by such conventional methodology. We contend that phase II trials are inherently comparative, with the results of the comparison determining whether to conduct a subsequent phase III trial. When different treatments ar...