The purpose of this study was to identify the components of students' self-leadership. By adopting a qualitative approach, a systematic grounded theory approach was used to analyze the views of experts. Purposeful sampling was used to interview 20 experts in the field of higher education using snowball sampling. In order to achieve the goals of the research and data collection, the interviews a...

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

With an interpretive approach, this paper seeks to provide the graunded theory on how to distribute power and parallel leadership in large urban schools using the Charmaz’s method. The research focuses on the main question of what are the backgrounds, key processes, intervening factors, and consequences of leadership sharing in parallel in schools. Therefore, the data were collected from semi-s...

Ethnocentric concepts, theories and practices in education, predominantly embedded in western philosophy and values, tend to ignore the growing multicultural nature of educational institutions. This article draws attention to the knowledge gap in mainstream literature regarding diverse perspectives of educational leadership. The authors endorse the need to move beyond ethnocentrisms and to work...

ii abstract the legend of human being’s refulgence was distorted completely in the age of modernity. this new age, had some drastic negative effects, besides its positive qualities. one significant negative effect of it was the emergence of neurosis in human beings. aldous huxley’s brave new world was one of the novels of the 02 th century that contained the prophecy of criticizing ...