Clinical measurement in both clinical research and clinical practice requires tools and techniques that are valid, reliable and responsive. Patient-centred self-reported measures provide opportunity to evaluate consequences of osteoarthritis, that are important and relevant to patients with the condition. The WOMAC and AUSCAN Indices are health status measurement questionnaires that are valid, ...

Many development projects intended to exploit natural resources are occurring in fragile ecosystems, and therefore the need for sound biodiversity assessment and monitoring programs is growing. Large mammals are important components of these fragile ecosystems, yet there are few strategies that attempt to assess and monitor entire large mammal communities in relation to development projects. We...

Real estate industry is both capital-intensive, highly related industries and industries essential to provide the daily necessities. However, the real estate pricing models and methods of research rarely receive the critical attention and development it deserves. In this paper, we present a multi-resolution approach for the determination of the real estate pricing. The proposed method firstly u...

Hierarchical quantitative structure-activity relationships (H-QSAR) have been developed as a new approach in constructing models for estimating physicochemical, biomedicinal, and toxicological properties of interest. This approach uses increasingly more complex molecular descriptors in a graduated approach to model building. In this study, statistical and neural network methods have been applie...

Crop biomass is a critical variable for characterizing crop growth development, understanding dry matter partitioning, and predicting grain yield. Previous studies on the spectroscopic estimation of crop biomass focused on the use of various spectral indices based on chlorophyll absorption features and found that they often became saturated at high biomass levels. Given that crop biomass is com...

The authors implied that the abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry is one of the risk markers for preeclampsia in the second or third trimester and that its abnormality is practically defined at 22–24 weeks as bilateral notching with mean resistance index (RI) > 0.55 (i.e., > 50th centile), unilateral notching with mean RI > 0.65 (> 90th centile), or no notching with mean RI > 0.70 (> 95t...

petroleum and its subjected economic structurs play a significant role in iran's political social and economic develovement. iranian economy highly depends on oil exports and incomes. oil industry provides almost 50% of national budjet and 80 percent of exportation resources. oil's incomes have fluctuated during different decades and experienced the most increasing trend in (2007-2011...