This paper explores how words relate to concepts. It argues that in many cases, words get their meanings in part by associating with concepts, but only in conjunction with substantial input from language. Language packages concepts in grammatically determined ways. This structures the meanings of words, and determines which sorts of concepts map to words. The results are linguistically modulate...

Words have often been compared to living organisms. One of the first authors to develop this idea was the French linguist Arsène Darmesteter who wrote in 1887 a book entitled La vie des mots étudiée dans leurs significations (Darmesteter 1887). He described the evolution of the meanings of words as a 'struggle for life' (concurrence vitale in his own words). To stay alive, words need to occupy ...

the holy koran is the eternal miracle of literature and eloquence. in the field of eloquence, ellipsis is an important issue. grammaticaltadmeen as a type of ellipsis has a special manifestation in the holy koran. tazmeen literally meaning insertion is applied when a verb in the text adds the meaning of another verb to itself and is used as the other word should be used in terms of transitivity...

WordNet [4] is the lexical database for English language. A synset is a WordNet structure for storing senses of the words. Synset contains a set of synonym words and their brief description called gloss. For example, well, wellspring and fountainhead have the same meaning according to WordNet, so these three words are grouped in to one synset which is explained by a gloss "an abundant source". ...

We consider the problem of how the meanings of words can be grounded in sensor data. A probabilistic representation for the meanings of words is defined, a method for recovering meanings from observational information about word use in the face of referential uncertainty is described, and empirical results with real utterances and robot sensor data are presented.

Theoretical linguistic accounts of lexical ambiguity distinguish between homonymy, where words that share a lexical form have unrelated meanings, and polysemy, where the meanings are related. The present study explored the psychological reality of this theoretical assumption by asking whether there is evidence that homonyms and polysemes are represented and processed differently in the brain. W...