Lubricant and coolant can improve surface roughness in machining. In addition of ecological harms, thermal shock of coolant or lubricant may affect the surface integrity especially on surface residual stresses and micro-crack nucleation. Dry machining is ecologically desirable and it is considered as a necessity for manufacturing enterprises in the recent years. 55Cr3 steel grade is steel with ...

ARTICLE HISTORY Received 14 September 2016 Accepted 7 November 2016 ABSTRACT Presented is a laminar-flow, water-based condensation particle counter capable of particle detection near 1 nm. This instrument employs a three-stage, laminar-flow growth tube with a “moderator” stage that reduces the temperature and water content of the output flow without reducing the peak supersaturation, and makes ...

In addition to eliminating voids in a billet, the reduction pretreatment (RP) process can refine austenite structure after reheating and deform residual voids, which affect void healing behavior during insulation before rolling, then final quality of steel plate. this study, effect RP on evolution billets plates was investigated by experimental numerical simulation. non-RP were reheated rolled ...

Pseudo-icosahedral Cu microcrystals have been synthesized in a solvothermal system containing CuSO4·5H2O as the precursor, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) reductant/capping agent, and dimethylformamide solvent. The structural morphological evolutions over reaction time are investigated, which enable us to establish novel formation mechanism of pseudo-icosahedral crystals Cu. first crystalline phase ...

One says that a property P of sets of natural numbers can be made into itself iff there is a numbering α0, α1, . . . of all left-r.e. sets such that the index set {e : αe satisfies P} has the property P as well. For example, the property of being Martin-Löf random can be made into itself. Herein we characterize those singleton properties which can be made into themselves. A second direction of ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the translation and adaptation methodology for the Measure of Parental Style, a self-report instrument developed originally in English, following the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines, comparing this to other methodologies used for the same purposes. METHOD Translation and Cultural Adaptation group International Society for Phar...