Sustainable development requires economic development without endangering biodiversity, without exploiting natural resources too fast and without excessive pollution. The question is if these aims can be realized at the same time and what are the options for substitution between different types of capital. The difference between the notions of weak and strong sustainability revolves around the ...

cancer is a genetic-epigenetic based disease which contains a complex of alterations that cause irreversible transformation of cells with a new anarchic behavior. tumor suppressor inactivation and/or oncogene activation will lead to tumorigenesis. based on the genetic alteration in germ or somatic cells, the affected person will have a different fate of cancer incidence or inheritable cancer su...

Beyond the Labour Income Tax Wedge: The Unemployment-Reducing Effect of Tax Progressivity In this paper we argue that, for a given overall level of labour income taxation, a more progressive tax schedule increases employment. From a theoretical point of view, higher progressivity increases overall employment through a wage moderating effect and also because employment of low-paid workers is mor...

The Dutch economist Roefie Hueting has published since 1969 a long record of books and articles about the Sustainable National Income (SNI). He was one of the first economists who developed the idea of a SNI. The SNI is the present national income minus the abatement costs, which are necessary to preserve the status quo of the environment. Hueting defines the term environmental "sustainability"...

This paper investigates how initial inequality can causally a¤ect economic growth when moral hazard problems exist in credit markets. Two regimes of the credit markets aiming at overcoming the moral hazard problems are analyzed. The formal one such as bank relies on intermediary between borrowers and lenders by asking for collateral. The informal one relies on direct yet costly monitoring by th...

This paper studies an agent-based model that bridges Keynesian theories of demandgeneration and Schumpeterian theories of technology-fueled economic growth. We employ the model to investigate the properties of macroeconomic dynamics and the impact of public polices on supply, demand and the “fundamentals” of the economy. We find that the complementarities between factors influencing aggregate d...

The rise of education has featured prominently in the debate on the sources of modern long-term economic growth. Existing accounts stress the role of public education and the importance of political support for its provision. We argue that such an explanation for the spread of schooling is probably a poor fit for many nations’ schooling histories and provide an example, using detailed data on s...

....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .......................................................................