What determines political candidates’ election prospects? We match roll call votes of candidates for the majority elected upper house of parliament who were previously in the lower house with revealed preferences of their constituency. Thereby, we obtain a direct measure of past congruence. Politicians have a significantly and quantitatively important higher probability of election when they mo...

Human rationality--the ability to behave in order to maximize the achievement of their presumed goals (i.e., their optimal choices)--is the foundation for democracy. Research evidence has suggested that voters may not make decisions after exhaustively processing relevant information; instead, our decision-making capacity may be restricted by our own biases and the environment. In this paper, we...

Political education for children is a very good provision in shaping the character of who are responsible. This study aims to describe how implementation political students at MI Thowalib Pesagen Pati. research qualitative with descriptive approach through organization Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Student Association (ISMI). The results showed that background formation ISMI was ideals institution shape ...

The 2014 Indian general election marked a single party – the Bharatiya Janata Party, winning a majority of seats in Lok Sabha, the first time since the 1984 election. The Congress, the other main national party, suffered its worst ever defeat. This election was termed by some as a 'critical election' signalling the advent of a new phase of a ‘BJP dominated’ party system in India. In this paper,...

The 2014 Indian general election marked a single party – the Bharatiya Janata Party, winning a majority of seats in Lok Sabha, the first time since the 1984 election. The Congress, the other main national party, suffered its worst ever defeat. This election was termed by some as a 'critical election' signalling the advent of a new phase of a ‘BJP dominated’ party system in India. In this paper,...

Abstract Political opponents are often divided not only in their attitudes (i.e., ideological polarization) and feelings toward each other affective polarization), but also factual perceptions of reality belief polarization). This paper describes polarization the Netherlands around three core issues. Furthermore, this examines who most susceptible to type polarization. Analyses on 2021 Dutch Pa...

Throughout the world, elections are being used in increasing numbers of nations. Conducting elections is seen as providing legitimacy to elected leaders, as long as they are conducted fairly and with integrity. But it also seems that along with the trends toward more elections around the world there are increasing concerns about electoral fraud and the potential manipulation of the electoral pr...