Enriching iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content in rice grains, while minimizing cadmium (Cd) levels, is important for human health and nutrition. Natural genetic variation in rice grain Zn enables Zn-biofortification through conventional breeding, but limited natural Fe variation has led to a need for genetic modification approaches, including over-expressing genes responsible for Fe storage, chelat...

the present investigation provides a thorough study of eliminating soluble and colloidal elements of copper, iron, magnesium and zinc during estuarine mixing of gorganrood river water with caspian sea water in iran. the processes of flocculation were carried out in 10 aquariums in order to furnish the salinity in an interval of 0.3 - 4.4 ppt. the obtained result is indicative of non- conservati...

We studied the spin arrangement in ultrathin antiferromagnetic Mn films in contact with a ferromagnetic Fe(001) substrate using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Mn shows a layerwise antiferromagnetic order on Fe(001). In regions where Mn overgrows Fe steps, a frustration of the antiferromagnetic order occurs which is similar to a 180 degrees domain wall. This topologically enforced...

BACKGROUND Polished rice is a staple food for over 50% of the world's population, but contains little bioavailable iron (Fe) to meet human needs. Thus, biofortifying the rice grain with novel promoters or enhancers of Fe utilization would be one of the most effective strategies to prevent the high prevalence of Fe deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the developing world. METHODOLOGY/PRIN...

Pyrosmalite-(Fe), ideally Fe(II) (8)Si(6)O(15)(OH,Cl)(10) [refined composition in this study: Fe(8)Si(6)O(15)(OH(0.814)Cl(0.186))(10)·0.45H(2)O, octa-iron(II) hexa-silicate deca-(chloride/hydroxide) 0.45-hydrate], is a phyllosilicate mineral and a member of the pyrosmalite series (Fe,Mn)(8)Si(6)O(15)(OH,Cl)(10), which includes pyrosmalite-(Mn), as well as friedelite and mcgillite, two polytypes...

Plants employ two distinct strategies to obtain iron (Fe) from the soil. In Strategy I but not Strategy II plants, Fe limitation invokes ethylene production which regulates Fe deficiency responses. Oryza sativa (rice) is the only graminaceous plant described that possesses a Strategy I-like system for iron uptake as well as the classic Strategy II system. Ethylene production of rice roots was s...

Neurotoxicity due to excessive brain manganese (Mn) accumulation can occur via occupational exposure to aerosols or dusts that contain extremely high levels (>1-5 mg Mn/m(3)) of Mn, or metabolic aberrations (decreased biliary excretion). Given the putative role of astrocytes in regulating the movement of metals across the blood-brain barrier, we sought to examine the relationship between iron (...