BACKGROUND Stigma plays in an important role in the lives of persons affected by neglected tropical diseases, and assessment of stigma is important to document this. The aim of this study is to test the cross-cultural validity of the Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS) and the Social Distance Scale (SDS) in the field of leprosy in Cirebon District, Indonesia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Cult...

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of interobserver and test-retest reliability of the Milani-Comparetti Motor Development Screening Test. Sixty healthy children, aged 1 through 16 months, were videotaped during administration of the Milani-Comparetti test. Four pediatric physical therapists independently viewed each videotape and scored the responses. Interobserver reliabilit...

colonoscopy overview — a colonoscopy is an exam of the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, which is called the colon or large intestine (bowel). colonoscopy is a safe procedure that provides information other tests may not be able to give. colonoscopy is performed by inserting a device called a colonoscope into the anus and advanced through the entire colon. the procedure generally takes ...

Background & objectives: The purpose of this study was evaluating the hearing status of tinnitus patients referred to our center. Materials & Methods: A total of 144 Patients, referred to our center by the end of December 2008 to June 2009, who have tinnitus complaints after initial examination and cleaning the ear duct in the audiology clinic were introduced and completed the questionnaire. A...

aim : the aim of this study was to assay the most common signs, symptoms, and positive paraclinical findings in pancreatic cancer. background : it seems that the most available method for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is using clinical history and especially appearance of early signs and symptoms. patients and methods : in this descriptive study, all pancreatic cancer patients referred t...