The 2013/14 boreal winter (December 2013–February 2014) brought extended periods of anomalously cold weather to central and eastern North America. The authors show that a leading pattern of extratropical variability, whose sea level pressure footprint is the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and circulation footprint the West Pacific (WP) teleconnection—together, the NPO–WP—exhibited extreme and ...

Vertical profiles of aerosol extinction obtained with the CALIOP lidar onboard CALIPSO are used in conjunction with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and NOAA’s HYSPLIT trajectory model to document three aerosol export events from East Asia to the Arctic in the year 2007. During each of these events CALIOP sampled the pollution plumes multiple times over periods of five to seven days. Midl...

the upper level pressure patterns control the climate of the surface. the identification of these patterns in the regional scale is useful for the study of the surface climate elements and their forecasting. in order to understand the pressure centers controlling the climate of iran during the cold period of the year, the daily 500 hpa. geopotential height of the grid points of 2.5 degrees dist...

The impact of the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones and baroclinic cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific (WNP), Atlantic, and Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) basins on the predictability of the downstream midlatitude flow is assessed using 30 y of cases from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) Reforecast Version 2. In all three basins, ET is associated with statistically...

Cloud overlapping has been a major issue in climate studies owing to a lack of reliable information available over both oceans and land. This study presents the first near-global retrieval and analysis of single-layer and overlapped cloud vertical structures and their optical properties retrieved by applying a new method to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Taking ...

The forcing of tropical upwelling in the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) on intraseasonal to seasonal time scales is investigated in integrations of an idealized general circulation model, ECMWF Interim ReAnalysis, and lower-stratospheric temperature measurements from the (Advanced) Microwave Sounding Unit, with a focus on the extended boreal winter season. Enhanced poleward eddy heat fluxes in...

In order to focus on pentad-scale precipitation forecasts, we investigated the coupling relationship between 500 hPa geopotential height (Z500) anomalies and using China Meteorological Administration Global Land Surface ReAnalysis Interim (CRA40/Land) gridded dataset from 1999 2018 National Centers for Environmental Prediction 1 reanalysis Z500. We obtained a dynamical–statistical downscaling m...

Pre-monsoon principal components (PCs) of circulation fields covering the South Asian subcontinent were used as predictors for all-India summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR) over the period 1958–1993. Predictive skill of non-linear neural network models and linear multiple regression models was compared using a bootstrap-based resampling procedure. Monsoon precursor signals represented by PCs were i...