generally, gravity anomaly is the difference between the observed acceleration of earth's gravity and a normal value. topography (all masses above geoid) plays a main role in definition of the gravity anomaly. based on modeling of the effect of topography, there are different models of gravity anomaly such as free-air and bouguer anomaly. the main goal of the bouguer anomaly is removing of...

Land leveling is one of the most important steps in soil preparation and cultivation. Although land leveling with machines requires considerable amount of energy, it delivers a suitable surface slope with minimal soil deterioration as well as damage to plants and other organisms in the soil. Notwithstanding, in recent years researchers have tried to reduce fossil fuel consumption and its delete...

A co-volume scheme is introduced for the rotating shallow water equations, in which both velocity components are specified on cell edges, and the thickness variables evolve on both the primary and the dual cell centers. The scheme applies to generic, conforming and non-orthogonal staggered grids, including the widely used lat-lon quadrilateral grids and the Delaunay-Voronoi tessellations. It ca...

We compare new marine gravity fields derived from satellite altimetry with shipboard measurements over a region of more than 120,000 square kilometers in the central South Atlantic. Newly declassified satellite data were employed to construct free-air anomaly maps on 0.05 degree grids [Sandwell and Smith, 1992; Marks et al., 1993]. An extensive gravity and bathymetry dataset from four cruises a...

Predicting land use change is an indispensable aspect in identifying the best development and management of land resources and their potential. This study used certified land-use maps of 1997, 2006, and 2015 combined with ancillary data such as road networks, water bodies and slopes, obtained from the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Surveying and Mapping in Malaysia, respectivel...

Potential field methods such as gravity and magnetic methods are among the most applied geophysical methods in mineral exploration. A high-resolution technique is developed to image geologic boundaries such as contacts and faults. Potential field derivatives are the basis of many interpretation techniques. In boundary detection, the analytic signal quantity is d...