Facing the strengthening of consumer environmental awareness, we investigate green investment and subsidy problem an incumbent supply chain (ISC) taking into account whether external manufacturer (EM) encroach. Green strategies are explored under three scenarios: no-green investment, ex-ante ex-post subsidies by (IM), supplier. The results show that market size does not influence supplier chann...

Collaborating with a supplier in a buying firm’s new product development (NPD) project is commonly advocated and adopted, but does not always improve project performance. Some pre-existing collaboration contexts, such as buyer-supplier NPD projects, are especially exposed to supplier opportunism due to the uncertain nature of the collaboration process. Adopting agency theory and transaction cos...

Argument for Interdisciplinarity in economic education: society, as a whole, needs education to know whether the “social products” are good. We may discuss about a lot of social needs or problems. Solving those means the development and implementation of educational programs. Therefore, a program of education, which includes, among other, the economic education, irrespective of its level, can b...

Green space is one of the important infrastructures for keeping natural life and sustainability in modern urbanism and it provides excellent recreational opportunities for the people in the society. However, there are limiting factors in green space development, especially in arid regions, including extreme weather and soil temperatures, low average rainfall, drought, and high potential for eva...

In an extremely competitive market context, consumers demand cheaper and higher quality products, on-time delivery and excellent after-sale services. Therefore, companies are under intense pressure to cut costs while maintaining a high level of quality and after-sale services. Various studies devoted to the analysis of customer-supplier relationships highlighted that, in order to improve the qu...

In this research, firms aim at maximizing two purposes of social welfare (environment) and profitability in the supply chain system. It is assumed that there are two supply chains, a green and an ordinary, each consists of a manufacturer and a supplier; in which the manufacturer generates profit through franchises. The green and the ordinary manufacturers form a cartel on the market of a certai...

For many years, purchasing and supplier performance evaluation have been discussed in both academic and industrial circles to improve buyer-supplier relationship. In this study, a novel model is presented to evaluate supplier performance according to different purchasing classes. In the proposed method, clustering analysis is applied to develop purchasing portfolio model using available data in...