Norwegian high-tech industries face a rapidly changing market need. Staying ahead of competitors and developing significant innovative solutions are essential for business value. Systems engineering has proven to be an effective approach technical (hard) systems. People, organizations, functionality contribute increasing complexity in today's This makes the traditional systems insufficient inno...

A growth model with endogenous innovation and accumulation of high-tech and lowtech human capital is developed. The model accounts for a recently established fact about human capital composition, which stated that “the richest countries are investing proportionally less than middle income countries in engineering and technical human capital”, due to the consideration of a negative effect of tec...

As global competition intensifies, research and development (R & D) organizations need to enhance their strategic management in order to become goal-directed communities for innovation and allocate their resources consistent with their overall R & D strategy. The world pharmaceutical market has undergone fast, unprecedented, tremendous and complex changes in the last several years. The pharmace...