The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of gender inequality in education on females’ labor force participation in 14 major cities (rapidly urbanizing areas) of Pakistan after taking into account the socio-economic indicators like the marital status of female, the gender of the head of household, physical facilities, the median income of the household, etc. Data were gathered from ...

Quality Growth Index (QGI) is affected by two sets of combined-structural and social indicators. Structural indicator contributes to achieve the main target of sound-sustainable-competitive output growth. By the way, the sound output growth should enhance social-public services and living standards. Although QGIs are weightedly computed based on different scenarios, the trend of the QGIs and co...

Accurate Measuring of poverty and its distribution in various areas, in addition to being crucial for cognitive purposes, could have different policy implications and affect policy assessments. The Household expenditures criteria is typically used to measure poverty, and poverty is often assessed using a poverty line and alternative indices. A major difficulty associated with this method is, ho...

A price rise signifies a fall in purchasing power, if there is no commensurate increase in income. Thus the pertinent question in the face of the phenomenal rise during the 1990s in the prices of the food articles, which account for a major chunk of the total expenditure of the poor, is whether there has been a corresponding increase in the incomes of the poor. The present paper is a modest att...

This paper examines the link between intra-household allocation of ownership rights and fertility using data from a nation-wide titling program in Peru. A stated objective of the Peruvian program was to improve gender inequality of property ownership by including female names on land titles. I use data from the target population of urban poor to study whether improvements in ownership equality ...

Governments worldwide implement food security programs to combat malnutrition, but there is a debate about which implementation strategy is more effective in developing countries: a universal approach, under which households of all income categories have access to the benefits of the program, or a targeted approach, under which only poor households are eligible. I address this question in the c...

The poverty reducing impact of social transfers is weaker in Greece than in the rest of the EU. Institutional aspects of the country’s social protection system (and among them, the absence of a national minimum social safety net) bear much responsibility for this. Interest in the desirability and feasibility of introducing a minimum income scheme in Greece seems to have revived recently. The pa...

Beginning with the WTO‘s Doha Development Agenda and establishment of the Millennium Development Goal of reducing poverty by 50 percent by 2015, poverty impacts of trade reforms have become central to the global development agenda. This has been particularly true of agricultural trade reforms due to the importance of grains in the diets of the poor, presence of relatively higher protection in a...

Using micro-level panel data from villages in rural Ethiopia, the paper studies consumption and poverty changes to analyse the determinants of growth and poverty changes during a period of economic reform (1989-97). Consumption grew and poverty fell substantially, but with diverse experiences across villages and individuals. During this period common and idiosyncratic shocks mattered for consum...