In order to be adaptive, cognition requires knowledge about the statistical structure of the environment. We show that decision performance and the selection between cue-based and exemplar-based inference mechanisms can depend critically on how this knowledge is acquired. Two types of learning tasks are distinguished: learning by comparison, by which the decision maker learns which of two objec...

Background: Intrathoracic goiters that compress nearby structures require surgical excision. Method and result: An abnormally large intrathoracic thyroid carcinoma (ITC) weighing 710 g was excised successfully from a 76 year-old female. For already 62 months, she is still surviving. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, it is the largest ITC ever be reported in the literature.

This paper describes a principled method for weighing evidence from various sources in order to identify the referent of a description that is not guaranteed to be correct. We adopt assumptions consistent with Gricean maxims of conversation, thereby mapping the problem into a simple Bayesian framework that allows us model the behavior of the speaker. This framework has been shown to give us the...

OBJECTIVE To determine the level of child safety seat (CSS) and airbag safety knowledge in parents who utilize emergency care services for their children and to determine factors that influence knowledge of safe transportation of children. METHODS A prospective survey study was conducted in a 42 000-visit-per-year Level I trauma center and emergency department (ED) in Southern California from...

Algebraic techniques are employed to obtain necessary conditions for the existence of certain circulant weighing matrices. As an application we rule out the existence of many circulant weighing matrices. We study orders n = 8 +8+1, for 10 ~ 8 ~ 25. These orders correspond to the number of points in a projective plane of order 8.

BACKGROUND There is a need to identify effective behavioural strategies for weight loss. Self-weighing may be one such strategy. PURPOSE To examine the effectiveness of self-weighing for weight loss. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that included self-weighing as an isolated intervention or as a component within an intervention. We used sub group...

this paper reports a survey and case study research outcomes on the application of data envelopment analysis (dea) to the ranking method of european foundation for quality management (efqm) business excellence model in iran’s automotive industry and improving benchmarking process after assessment. following the global trend, the iranian industry leaders have introduced the efqm practice to thei...