BACKGROUND Cognitive development in childhood is negatively affected by socioeconomic disadvantage. This study examined whether differences in fetal environment might mediate the association between family socioeconomic position and child development. METHODS Data were linked from the Scottish Longitudinal Study, maternity inpatient records and the Child Health Surveillance Programme - Pre Sc...

The present research centered upon the analysis of functional contrasts and social class differences in such contrasts in speech samples of fifth and sixth grade children selected from socioeconomic extremes in the Detroit area. The aim was to map such contrasts onto some of the contemporary speculationsabout social class differences in modes of speech and implications concerning the language p...

In this paper we investigate the addition of first-class relationships to a prototypical object-oriented programming language (a “middleweight” fragment of Java). We provide language-level constructs to declare relationships between classes and to manipulate relationship instances. We allow relationships to have attributes and provide a novel notion of relationship inheritance. We formalize our...

The relationship between social class and seven important risk factors for coronary heart disease has been evaluated utilising data from the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study baseline survey. Of German residents aged 25 to 69 years, 16,430 were randomly selected from both the six intervention regions and the Federal Republic of Germany to undergo the screening procedures between 1984 and 1...

language is the product of cultural interaction and producing various languages different cultures manifest the world in many forms.language and culture are connected with each other to such an extent that study of language apart from society is nothing but absurdity. the studies connected with relationship between language and culture by malinofski's research in the beginning of twentieth...