Purpose: The European Union and its European Neighbourhood are mutually dependent. In the next decades, the European Union (EU) will need to import foreign labour in response to different challenges. The geographical proximity, economic, cultural and historical links with EU Neighbouring countries make them an important potential source of labour force and, moreover, they are the main countries...

This paper surveys the research on the applications of inter-vehicle communications, the issues of the deployment and technology, and the current status of inter-vehicle communications projects in Europe, the United States and Japan. The inter-vehicle communications, defined here as communications between on-board ITS computers, improve road traffic safety and efficiency by expanding the horizo...

This note examines the EU’s efforts to regulate gene therapy, considering the Union’s resolve to establish scientifically, economically, and morally sound parameters acceptable to its varied constituency. This includes discussion of legal and ethical considerations, biotechnology goals in the EU, and EU-wide uniform regulations. THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATORY STANDARDS FOR GENE THERAPY IN THE EU...

About ENISA The European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) is a centre of network and information security expertise for the EU, its member states, the private sector and Europe's citizens. ENISA works with these groups to develop advice and recommendations on good practice in information security. It assists EU member states in implementing relevant EU legislation and works to im...

BACKGROUND The status of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) within the EU needs clarification. The definition and terminology of CAM is heterogeneous. The therapies, legal status, regulations and approaches used vary from country to country but there is widespread use by EU citizens. A coordination project funded by the EU has been launched to improve the knowledge about CAM in Europe...

commercial companies are principally governed by majority rule. notwithstanding, mere application of this decision-making rule does not prevent conflict of interests between shareholders. such a conflict can be observed in three distinct hypotheses: 1- abuse committed by majority shareholders; 2- abuse committed by minority shareholders; 3- abuse committed by holders of equal shares. regardless...

There is a growing awareness that the national judge plays a vital role in the European legal system, as is illustrated by the emergence of various initiatives for the cross-border access of national (EU-related) case law. Because these and various national systems all use their own identifiers, findability and citability are seriously hampered. This paper assesses current developments and trie...