Abstract This study measures liquidity creation within a sample of 153 banks operating in 12 Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries from 2008 to 2017. We found that these created total $461.32 billion 2017, approximately 1.51 times the 2008, mainly driven by commercial Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. also conducted an econometric analysis investigate internal external facto...

The objective of this paper is to situate the MENA area within the emerging markets universe. We first discuss the various components of market emergence and generate four bootstrapped indexes reflecting market size, market activity, market pricing and transparency. We then draw inter-regional and country-level comparisons using a probit model and a hierarchical cluster analysis. Our results su...

Countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have been facing serious environmental issues due to over-exploitation of natural resources. This paper analyzes ecological footprint as a proxy degradation determines its influencing factors 18 MENA countries during 2000–2016. Despite many studies on relationship between determinants region, current study use spatial econometric models take ...

We have shown previously that distinct Mena isoforms are expressed in invasive and migratory tumor cells in vivo and that the invasion isoform (Mena(INV)) potentiates carcinoma cell metastasis in murine models of breast cancer. However, the specific step of metastatic progression affected by this isoform and the effects on metastasis of the Mena11a isoform, expressed in primary tumor cells, are...

A fluorescent-particle-based multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay (MIA) for the detection of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and two IgG subclasses, IgG1 and IgG2, specific for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (MenA) and C (MenC) polysaccharides (PS) was developed. The assay comprised three separate duplex assays, one for the detection of the IgG response to MenA and MenC PS, another for the de...

This paper is the first to analyse impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) and harmonisation rules origin (RoO) on Middle East North African (MENA) countries’ exports differentiating between final intermediate goods for a global sample partners. Data from four MENA countries (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco Tunisia) 61 destinations over period 1995–2016 are used estimate structural gravity model applying...