UNLABELLED The aim of the study was to analyse early results after middle pancreatectomy based on our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS During the period between 2008 and 2009, 154 pancreatic resections were performed at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Silesian Medical University in Katowice. The following procedures were performed: 109 (70.78%) pancreatoduodenectomies, 32 (20.78%)...

The author reviews three books written during the 1990s which rely on oral history to explore the lives of Japanese picture brides, refugees, and female Native elders. This article reveals how these three works succeed in using oral history to give voice to the individuals from these non-hegemonic groups that had been neglected by scholars in the past. It also explores some of the pitfalls that...

In a language identification task, native Belgian French and native Swiss French speakers identified French from France as their own variety. However, Canadian French was not subject to this bias. Canadian and French listeners didn't claim a different variety as their own.

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U niversities in the United States and elsewhere hire new faculty based mainly on their research accomplishments and potential. Once hired, however, assistant professors succeed not only on their scientific skills but also on their ability to recruit and train lab personnel, motivate students to do their best work, obtain funding and handle budgets, and manage their own time. In effect, each of...

Changes in credit risk may arise when either the value or the risk of corporate assets changes. Changes in the equity value associated with the changes in the asset value and changes in asset risk can be characterized into potentially countervailing direct and indirect effects. The indirect effect of risk on equity value is a function of factors that affect the debt value of including leverage,...

While many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Health organization (WHO), uniquely the World Bank in its 2015 World Development Report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. Here, we describe the World Bank’s study design, including experiments ...