background: little is known about how to introduce complex technologies like arthroscopy into low-income countries. thus, we compared low- versus high-resource intensive methods of teaching basic arthroscopic skills in a randomized controlled trial in haiti. methods: forty-eight haitian orthopaedic surgeons and residents attending an orthopaedic conference in haiti were block randomized to rece...

Background: Understanding hand structures is necessary to diagnose its diseases and injuries. Several methods have been used to teach the anatomy of this body part. In this article, we introduce a new educational tool and examine the impact of its use in learning anatomy. Methods: Color images of different layers of hand structures were connected with a spring. On each page, the desired struct...

This study investigated the effect of role play on improving speaking ability of Iranian pre-intermediate ESP learners. To this aim, the researchers examined the students’ speaking ability in two groups: the experimental and the control groups.24 males and femaleESPlearners at pre-intermediate level were selected by taking a pre-test. Then the participants of the current study were randomlydivi...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy ingoup method to enhance self eseem of the students of ferdowsi university of mashhad .thehypothesis of research is reality therapy in group method increases students self esteem.the research desing was experimental as pre- test,post- test and followup with experimental and control groups.the research sample involve 22 s...

introduction: leukocytes causing a wide variety of side effects after transfusion are present in all blood products prepared by standard methods. as a consequence, the use of filter technology for leukoreduction has been widely practiced .according to aabb accreditation in 1996, leukoreduced blood components must contain less than 5×106 leukocytes per unit, but sometimes this value is higher ev...

Background: Autism is a developmental disorder that impairs social relationships. Sleep disorders are one of the major problems of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Objectives: Concerning the need to investigate problems and impairments caused by this disease, the present study aimed at determining the effect of an eight-week endurance training program plus Q10 supplementation on ...

Introduction: MICAP is a new notation in which the teeth areindicated by letters (I-incisor, C-canine, P-premolar, M-molar)and numbers [1,2,3] which are written superscript and subscripton the relevant letters. FDI tooth notation is a two digit systemwhere one digit shows quadrant and the second one shows thetooth of the quadrant. This study aimed to compare the short termretention of knowledge...