During 2010-2011, Real-time PCR procedure was used to detecting FMDV RNA on 147 epithelium samples from the field. In this survey, for Real-time PCR from 3D gene segment as conserve region selected for tracking all of seven serotypes FMDV. The assay detected the viral RNA in all serotypes of FMDV. The rRT-PCR specifically detected FMD virus in sample with greater sensitivity than our convention...

Five repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) techniques [primer sets ERIC1R-ERIC2 and REP1R-REP2I and primers ERIC2, BOXA1R, and (GTG)5] were evaluated for the discrimination of Salmonella enterica isolates at the serotype level. On the basis of number, even distribution over the whole fingerprint, and clarity of bands in the fingerprints, the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) pri...

Bisulfite genomic sequencing is the most widely used technique to analyze the 5-methylation of cytosines, the prevalent covalent DNA modification in mammals. The process is based on the selective transformation of unmethylated cytosines to uridines. Then, the investigated genomic regions are PCR amplified, subcloned and sequenced. During sequencing, the initially unmethylated cytosines are dete...

We have designed a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair that detects the MLL/AF-4 fusion mRNA encoded by the derivative 11 chromosome from t(4;11)(q21;q23) leukemia cells using the reverse transcriptase PCR technique. PCR amplification was possible in seven of seven cells studied. Sequencing of the amplified products showed three different breakpoints on 11q23 and three on 4q21, r...

introduction: using addictive drugs can change the amount of neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and glutamate. glutamate has been known to trigger the relapse and tendency toward addictive drugs. the glutamate receptor ionotropic nmda type subunit 1 (grin1) contains the single- nucleotide polymorphism c1001g (rs11146020) and encodes n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (ndma) receptor subunit 1 (nr1). ...

A novel method, which involves a nested PCR in a single closed tube, was developed for the sensitive detection of Erwinia amylovora in plant material. The external and internal primer pairs used had different annealing temperatures and directed the amplification of a specific DNA fragment from plasmid pEA29. The procedure involved two consecutive PCRs, the first of which was performed at a high...

The success of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is highly dependent on primer design. Commonly used primer design programs rely upon a core set of parameters such as melting temperature, primer length, GC content, and complementarity to optimize the PCR product, but weight those parameters to differing degrees, as well as include other parameters for PCR specific tasks. An analysis of these ...

PURPOSE Noroviruses (NoV) are increasingly recognized as an important cause for acute gastroenteritis, worldwide. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing are the methods of choice for the detection of NoVs, but there is currently no consensus about the primers to be used in these assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, five published primer sets were evalu...