OBJECTIVES Recreational sports are important leisure activities. However, most studies investigating barrier factors and motivation for participation in recreational sports have been limited to specific areas (e.g., a city or school) or demographic groups (e.g., adolescents). Therefore, this study set out to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the behavioral and socioeconomic factors inf...

Jurgen Habermas is second generation German scientist from the Frankfurt school as well aperson who wants to revise thoughts of first generations figures. Histhoughts on liberation colonialism (theoretical and social praxis), natural sciences, critical neo-Marxist spirit for change, impasse (enlightenment dialectic) communicative rationality in language (returning linguistics). The writing uses...

The different usage of public places and spaces in urban areas is the focus of this study. It concentrates on the use of public places and spaces in Wong Ah Fook located in Johor Bahro city centre. The study is going to examine the way that different people utilize public places and spaces to examine how social interactions vary by age, gender or place. Moreover, this study investigates on the ...

iranian women who, in the traditional conditions of the past and norms of the iranian society, have had a limited access to the public spaces of the city, with the changes taken place in our modern day society and factors such as education, employment and so on. nowadays, they have distinguished themselves in various fields and introduced their own issues and concerns to the society. however, i...

Urbanism in third world and developing countries compared to that of developed countries has been increased with much more speed. From consequences of the population increase and accelerated growth of population in cities, reference can be lead to many problems such as increase of unemployment rate, housing problems, social anomalies, increase in crime and delinquency. Vandalism in public space...

Recreational substance use and misuse constitute a major public health issue. The annual rate of recreational drug overdose-related deaths is increasing exponentially, making unintentional overdose as the leading cause of injury-related deaths in the United States. Marijuana is the most widely used recreational illicit drug, with approximately 200 million users worldwide. Although it is general...

The concept of cultural ecosystem services has been increasingly influential in both environmental research and policy decision making, such as for urban green spaces. However, its popular definitions tend to conflate “services” with “benefits”, making it challenging planners employ them directly manage Thus, attempts have made redefine the function activities spaces which result people’s enjoy...