since the beginning of human history, one of the basic dilemma that every political institution must solve is how to exercise legitimate authority—that is, how to govern with the consent.“you can’t sit on bayonets,” goes an old political expression.this is a way of saying that although a state can exercise its power through the use of police force or coercion, in the long run the use of force w...

Background & Aims of the Study: Management and leadership style is one of the characteristics that can be of great help to organizations in the competitive world of industries and organizations. On the other hand, individual factors can also play a decisive role in organizational issues. In competition with other organizations, the retention of human resources which is a daunting challenge for ...

The proliferation of hypertext and the pop ularity of Kleinberg s HITS algorithm have brought about an increased interest in link analysis While HITS and its older relatives from the Bibliometrics provide a method for nding authoritative sources on a particular topic they do not allow individual users to inject their own opinions on what sources are authoritative This paper presents a tech niqu...

this research is to study the iranian society in the first era of the qajar reign. an important feature of this era lies in its traditional socio-political structure's not being affected by the western civilization. thus, the political behaviour of this society is naturally and to a great extent harmonious with the iranian historical background. in this historical juncture, the roots of au...