A context-based spelling error is a spelling or typing error that turns an intended word into another word of the language. For example, the intended word “sight” might become the word “site.” A spell checker cannot identify such an error. In the English language— the case of interest here—a syntax checker may also fail to catch such an error since, among other reasons, the parts-of-speech of a...

Hidden Markov Model is a popular statisical method that is used in continious and discrete speech recognition. The probability density function of observation vectors in each state is estimated with discrete density or continious density modeling. The performance (in correct word recognition rate) of continious density is higher than discrete density HMM, but its computation complexity is very ...

Hidden Markov Model is a popular statisical method that is used in continious and discrete speech recognition. The probability density function of observation vectors in each state is estimated with discrete density or continious density modeling. The performance (in correct word recognition rate) of continious density is higher than discrete density HMM, but its computation complexity is very ...

The lexical decision (LD) and naming (NAM) tasks are ubiquitous paradigms that employ printed word identification. They are major tools for investigating how factors like morphology, semantic information, lexical neighborhood and others affect identification. Although use of the tasks is widespread, there has been little research into how performance in LD or NAM relates to reading ability, a d...

Background: Many elderly individuals complain of difficulty in understanding speech in noise despite having normal hearing thresholds. According to previous studies, auditory training leads to improvement in speech-in-noise perception, but these studies did not consider the etiology, so their results cannot be generalized. The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of envelope-b...

Comprehensive models of derived polymorphemic word recognition skill in developing readers, with an emphasis on children with reading difficulty (RD), have not been developed. The purpose of the present study was to model individual differences in polymorphemic word recognition ability at the item level among 5th-grade children (N = 173) oversampled for children with RD using item-response cros...

This paper describes a top-down word image generation model for holistic handwritten word recognition. To generate a word image, it uses likelihoods based, respectively, on a linguistic model, a segmentation model, and a character generation model. In the recognition process with respect to a given input image, it first generates, for each word in a dictionary of possible words, a word image th...

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the explicit memory bias in the people with high BAS/BIS sensitivity in the different manipulated mood states.  Methods: By using purposive sampling method, seventy-four participants (undergraduate students) were selected based on z-scores of 480 using the Carver and White’s BAS/BIS scale. They were distributed as: 24 wi...