fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is responsible for billions of dollars in agriculture losses. the goal of the present study was evaluation the expression of acidic chitinase, one of pr proteins, in wheat defense response against different fhb induced treatments in 'falat' as a highly susceptible and 'sumai3' as a tolerant cultivar. these treatments contained fungi extr...

Reduced counterarguing – the generation of questions and arguments in response to a message has been proposed be mechanism persuasion variety contexts, yet many remain unanswered regarding factors that influence this process. Building upon past theorizing narrative persuasion, present work investigates whether signaling persuasive intent (signaling vs. no signaling) fictional presentation texts...

Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is a dose limiting factor in radiotherapy and great threat for individual nuclear-related military missions. However, there are currently no available strategies to effectively prevent the damage on intestine induced IR. In present study, protective activity of Heat Killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST) against IR was investigated....

Objective(s): Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading fatal neoplasms and the most common primary liver malignancy worldwide. Peptide hormone ANGPTL8 (betatrophin) may act as an important regulator in HCC development through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We aimed to evaluate the effects of recombinant ANGPTL8 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human liver carcinom...

The human CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is a promising drug target for cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disease. Besides viral chemokines, previous studies revealed diverse classes of CCR8-targeting small molecules. We characterized selection these CCR8 ligands (hCCL1, vCCL1, ZK756326, AZ6; agonists naphthalene-sulfonamide-based antagonist), in vitro cell-based assays (hCCL1AF647 binding, c...

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. It activates its target cells via binding to the membrane-bound IL-11 receptor (IL-11R), which then recruits homodimer of ubiquitously expressed, signal-transducing gp130. Besides this classic signaling pathway, can also bind soluble forms IL-11R (sIL-11R), IL-11/sIL-11R complexes activate inductio...

Low glucose condition induces neuronal cell-death via intracellular mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways. It has been shown that low glucose medium decreases neuronal survival in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In this study, we have examined the activation of JNK, p38kinase and ERK1/2 pathways in low glucose medium in CGNs. The CGNs were prepared ...

Background and objectives: Silymarin is a unique flavonoid complex with documented hepatoprotective properties. Silybum  marianum hairy root culture as a source for producing silymarin has been an important strategy for study the cell signaling pathway. In the present investigation Trichoderma strains- Silybum marianum hairy root cultures interactions have been studie...