This paper presents a new method to generate test patterns for multiple stuck-at faults in combinational circuits. We assume the presence of all multiple faults of all multiplicities and we do not resort to their explicit enumeration: the target fault is a single component of possibly several multiple faults. New line and gate models are introduced to handle multiple fault effect propagation th...

background: due to the marked increase in the burden of cancer both in the developed and developing countries, world health organization recommends planning and implementation of comprehensive cancer control program in all countries. we evaluated evolutionary progress of the population based cancer registries (pbcr), an essential component of the cancer control program. methods: we studied freq...

As large-scale wireless networks continue to proliferate, a reliable way to test coverage and communicate requirements becomes increasingly important. In this paper we discuss concerns and provide guidelines to consider when developing a coverage testing methodology for large-scale wireless networks. We propose a method which complies with these guidelines and apply it to a large municipal mesh...

Modified condition/decision coverage is a structural coverage criterion requiring that each condition within a decision is shown by execution to independently and correctly affect the outcome of the decision. This criterion was developed to help meet the need for extensive testing of complex Boolean expressions in safety-critical applications. The paper describes the modified condition/decision...

This article discusses what ethicists have called “unacceptable trade-offs” in health policy choices related to universal health coverage (UHC). Since the fiscal space is constrained, trade-offs need to be made. But some trade-offs are unacceptable on the path to universal coverage. Unacceptable choices include, among other examples from low-income countries, to expand coverage for services wit...

Despite progressive universal drug coverage and pharmaceutical policies found in other countries, Canada remains the only developed nation with a publicly funded healthcare system that does not include universal coverage for prescription drugs. In the absence of a national pharmacare plan, a province may choose to cover a specific sub-population for certain drugs. Altho...

purpose: this paper aims to evaluate the performance of two public search ensiges, including yahoo and google in terms of their indexing coverage and the effectiveness of metadata elements on web page ranking. method: the effectiveness of the five metadata elements including html title tag, html keywords and description meta-tags, title and subject metadata elements from dublin core, which focu...

Background Priority setting in publicly financed healthcare systems should be guided by ethical norms and other considerations viewed as socially valuable, and we find several different approaches for how such norms and considerations guide priorities in healthcare decision-making. Common to many of these approaches is that interventions are ranked in relation to each other, following the appli...