normal sex differentiation is the result of long ways and different steps that consecutively take place under the control of relevant enzymes resulting in a normal female or male. any effective agent and excess or deficit of the relevant enzymes result in the disorder of sex development. the main factors that affect sex development include chromosomal aberration, gonadal dysgenesis, and hormona...

Duodenal diverticulum is not rare, and it represents the second most frequent place in the digestive tract. Localization of diverticula in the third or fourth portions of the duodenum is rare and the symptoms are often non-specific. Computed tomography may be helpful to make a diagnosis. We present a rare case of diverticulitis of third and fourth portion of the duodenum with perforation and it...

Health systems have entered a third era embracing whole systems thinking and posing complex policy and management challenges. Understanding how such systems work and agreeing what needs to be put in place to enable them to undergo effective and sustainable change are more pressing issues than ever for policy-makers. The theory-policy-practice-gap and its four dimensions, as articulated by Chini...

This paper presents the first rankings of nonacademic organizations according to their contributions to the INFORMS practice literature. Two rankings are given, each based on a different metric: visibility is the number of authors who list an organization as their primary affiliation; yield is the equivalent number of INFORMS practice papers attributable to each organization based on author pri...

OBJECTIVES To determine if canting of the occlusal plane influences esthetic evaluation of the smile among orthodontists, dentists and laypersons. STUDY DESIGN A frontal photo of a smile with 0 occlusal plane canting in relation to the bipupillary plane was modified using Adobe Photoshop C3 (Adobe Systems Inc, San José, California) to generate two images with occlusal plane inclinations of 2 ...