BACKGROUND AND AIM: The prevalence of tobacco use and its associated mortality is increasing worldwide. Biomarkers in saliva, such as thiocyanate levels, have been shown to be a suitable indicator for smoking. The present study is conducted to determine the thiocyanate levels in saliva and compare them among tobacco (smoking and smokeless) users, passive smoker...

background: several epidemiological studies suggest that tobacco smoking increases the risk of oral cancer. no systematic review, however, has been reported to examine how consistent the evidence is across the studies. we undertook a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the magnitude relationship between tobacco smoking and oral cancer. methods: primary studies were identified...

Addressing the determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is challenged by aggressive market promotion by tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food industries in emerging countries with fast economic development; and interference by these industries in government policies aimed at containing consumption of unhealthy products. This editorial reviews market promotion and industry interference and...

this research was done aimed to investigation the effective factors on production skills of tobacco growers in mazandaran province. this is an applied study based on descriptive-correlation method. statistical population of this research consisted of 1500 tobacco growers  of mazandaran province, and 306 people were selected based on morgan table. content validity of the questionnaire was determ...

The main purpose of the study is to analyze current state agricultural production, explore processing opportunities and identify areas for improving public policy increase export potential. A statistical, systematic approach, analysis generalization methods were used in research work. article provides an role increasing production exportoriented products, competitiveness quality, technological ...

Guttation, the loss of water and dissolved materials from uninjured plant organs, is a common phenomenon in higher plants. By using endoplasmic reticulum signal peptides fused to the recombinant protein sequences, we have generated transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Wisconsin) plants that secrete three heterologous proteins of different genetic backgrounds (bacterial xylanase, green fl...

potato virus y (pvy) is one of the most important pathogenic agents that reduce the yield and quality of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). dna-based molecular markers are valuable tools for identifying germplasm in gene banks, assessing kinship ties, and doing marker-assisted selection (mas) for resistance to pests, diseases, and some crop traits of interest. this work presents the results of ass...