background & aim: effects of ultra violet spectrum on plants due to their obligatory requirement for sunlight for survival are unavoidable. direct effects of uv on plant growth and development are generally negative and usually they use many different defense mechanisms to acclimate and protect themselves. material & methods: the present research for the first time was conducted to inv...

Abstract Salinity is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth and production around the world. Gibberellic acid is known as a strong growth stimulator, effective on seed germination and breaking of seed dormancy in various plant species. In order to study the response of Safflower,Sofeh cultivar, to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized...

Abstract Concepts like the 100-year flood event can be misleading if they are not updated to reflect significant changes over time. Here, we model observed annual maximum daily streamflow using a nonstationary approach provide first global picture of in: (a) magnitudes 20-, 50-, and floods (i.e., flows given exceedance probability in each year); (b) return periods floods, as assessed 1970 fixed...

We characterize ring spectra morphisms from the algebraic cobordism spectrum MGL ([12]) to an oriented spectrum E (in the sense of Morel [4]) via formal group laws on the ”topological” subring E∗ = ⊕iE 2i,i of E∗∗. This result is then used to construct for any prime p a motivic Quillen idempotent on MGL(p). This defines the BP -spectrum associated to the prime p as in Quillen’s [6] for the comp...

to study the effect of planting rates and harvest time on forage quality of maize in maize-cowpea intercropping, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of zabol university, during 2007 and 2008. the experiment was arranged in a 7×2 factorial one in complete randomized block design with 4 replications. the two factors consisted of seven planting ratios of maize and cowpea (100:100, 100...