Working animals, mainly equids, camelids and bovids, are draught animals that perform transport and traction activities. In developed countries technological development has resulted in animal power being minimised, however, in developing countries most agricultural operations are still being conducted by animals, and animal welfare is a major concern. Inadequate knowledge and inappropriate att...

background: nowadays, healthcare systems are considered as important service sectors, and they are social development and welfare standards; hence the performance of this sector is highly important. evaluating performance is the first step of various departments to determine the efficiency of the healthcare system. in the meantime, diagnostic laboratories of hospitals play important roles as sp...

In fiscal year 1984, public social welfare expenditures’ reached $672.0 billion, an increase of 4.7 percent over the amount spent by Federal, State, and local governments in 1983. Measured in constant (1984) dollars, the increase was only 0.5 percent more than the previous year’s amount and was the lowest real increase since 1978-79. Public welfare spending represented 18.2 percent of the gross...

We study a two-sided market in which a platform mediates between sellers and buyers, and signs private contracts with sellers. We compare this market with (i) a one-sided market with public contracts, and (ii) a two-sided market with public contracts. We find that equilibrium royalties can be positive or negative in a one-sided market with public contracts, are negative in a twosided market wit...

“welfare” can be hardly defined. we defined it simply as enjoyment from life facilities in three dimensions: being, becoming and belonging. “welfare culture” which is our keyword in this essay, designates the centrality of body welfare accompanied by self-expression of humanist subject. in present era, welfare culture has been immensely formed and alongside new values, ideas and concepts which ...

We provide the first test of the consequences of delegation in a mixed duopoly. Such delegation allows a profit maximizing private owner and a welfare maximizing public owner to give a separate weight to sales in managerial contracts. Theory predicts that such contracts improve welfare. Our experimental evidence indicates that both public and private owners do provide a weight on sales consiste...

Introduction High doses of ionizing radiation can lead to adverse health outcomes such as cancer induction in humans. Although the consequences are less evident at very low radiation doses, the associated risks are of societal importance. This study aimed at assessing entrance skin doses (ESDs) in patients undergoing selected diagnostic X-ray examinations at public hospitals of Akwa Ibom State,...

from 22 may 1976 to 19 february 1977 out of 27742 patients which were referred to health and social welfare network of west azerbaijan in chonqralu (field laboratory of school of public health and institute of public health research in health services development research project in iran), 22693 (81.81%) simple cases were managed by the behvarz (female front line health worker), in nine health ...