Arctic warming is leading to substantial changes to permafrost including rapid degradation of ice and ice-rich coasts and riverbanks. In this study, we present and evaluate a high spatiotemporal resolution three-year time series of X-Band microwave satellite data from the TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite to quantify cliff-top erosion (CTE) of an ice-rich permafrost riverbank in the central Lena Delta...

Stable isotopes are a primary tool for inferring past temperature changes and atmospheric moisture variability from ice cores. A 33m ice core representing the period 1850–2004 was retrieved from the Tanggula Mountains, central Tibetan Plateau (5743ma.s.l.), in August 2005. Annual average stable isotope (dO, dD) values generally increase during the period, while the second-order parameter of deu...

in this study spatial pattern of seasonal and annual precipitation in west mountainous region of iran were investigated using a 35 hydrological year from 1965/66-1999/00 in 170 meteorological stations. in order to evaluate and analyze spatial differences across study area, time distribution of precipitation during the year were also investigated using precipitation concentration index (pci). th...

Long-term average groundwater recharge, which is equivalent to renewable groundwater resources, is the major limiting factor for the sustainable use of groundwater. Compared to surface water resources, groundwater resources are more protected from pollution, and their use is less restricted by seasonal and inter-annual flow variations. To support water management in a globalized world, it is ne...

As climate models can be used to reproduce historical climates, the outcomes can be used to put climate extremes in to a proper historical perspective. This also allows investigation of nonlinear properties of hydrologic processes (e.g. precipitation, runoff) to better understand regional hydrologic dynamics. To this end, the present study uses results from a so-called ‘paleosimulation’ (i.e. s...

Here, I describe the geographical distribution of the savanna types in Namibia and identify the factors controlling the occurrence of each savanna type in relation to the amount of annual precipitation and the various physiographical regions, including the mopane ( Colophospermum mopane) area. The different types of savanna can be distinguished on the basis of the leaf habits of the dominant ve...