Rangeland ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions strongly were influenced by climatic factors and their kind of exploitation of management. These changes usually occur in combination and structure of vegetation over time. Because understanding the dynamics of pasture can choose the appropriate management practices and proper help, The changes of vegetation in desert ecosystem of Jajarm area, b...

Introduction: Awareness of soil quality in agricultural lands and natural resources is essential to achieve maximum production and environmental sustainability. Although soil quality is not directly assessed, soil quality indicators are widely used today, including the physical indicators which are of great importance in measuring the soil quality, as they directly influence the plant growth an...

The functional properties of a plant can link the plant physiology with community and ecosystem processes. Thus it provides an appropriate tool for investigation of environmental changes and biodiversity. For this purpose, Zeiar rangeland of Damavand Mountain were selected as the 6000ha study area​​. A stratified-random sampling method was used for the sampling of vegetation and soil. Topograph...

Introduction In the future decades, climate change will influence the food and water security,and there are substantive evidences indicating that the developing countries will confront extensive pressure from the disastrous consequences of this climate change. The agricultural section is the most vulnerable section to the climate changes due to its dependence on the condition of water resource...

educational researchers have provided evidence that teachers’ emotional intelligence has strong effects on various aspects of teaching and learning. yet, in the field of teaching english to speakers of other languages (tesol), inquiry into teachers’ emotional intelligence is nearly limited. given its documented powerful impact on teaching practices and student learning, it is critical to pursue...

the central purpose of this study was to conduct a case study about the role of self monitoring in teacher’s use of motivational strategies. furthermore it focused on how these strategies affected students’ motivational behavior. although many studies have been done to investigate teachers’ motivational strategies use (cheng & d?rnyei, 2007; d?rnyei & csizer, 1998; green, 2001, guilloteaux & d?...

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...