A cohort study tracks two or more groups forward from exposure to outcome. This type of study can be done by going ahead in time from the present (prospective cohort study) or, alternatively, by going back in time to comprise the cohorts and following them up to the present (retrospective cohort study). A cohort study is the best way to identify incidence and natural history of a disease, and c...

Recent medical research has been based on a flawed rationale of clinical innovation (here termed the 'basic-to-mega model') which neglects the human organism as a vital focus of clinical scientific study. The consequent over-concentration upon cellular and population levels of analysis has probably damaged the rate of therapeutic progress. The key role in medical research should be acknowledged...

The 31 ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Electron-Cloud Effects “ECLOUD’04” was held April 19-23, 2004 at Napa, CA, USA. A broad range of current topics in this field were illuminated by 53 talks in 7 sessions plus 6 session summaries at the final summary session. These covered a variety of experimental methods and results, along with progress on understanding of the topic obtained from s...

Interpreting the natural environment in the cultural context of a museum is common practice in the early 21st century. It was also quite common in the 19th century. This chapter considers some of the key discourses in natural history and science museums to reveal a rich legacy of engagement with the environment. It begins with a review of a contemporary film that portrays the wonders of the mus...

The University Library at California State University, Northridge and thirty-one local historical societies, members of the San Fernando Valley Heritage Network, collaborated to create a digital history of the Valley, providing access to materials otherwise difficult to access. This case study illustrates how a modest grant and a spirit of cooperation can produce a Web site that supports the ed...

The Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry (PCMR) was established to describe the epidemiologic features and clinical course of selected cardiomyopathies in patients aged 18 years or younger and to promote the development of etiology-specific treatments. Sixty-one private and institutional pediatric cardiomyopathy practices in the United States and Canada were recruited to participate in the PCMR. T...

Bruno S. Frey suggests nine Proposals to refine future democratic processes. This paper unifies subsets of Frey’s Proposals. In doing so, certain Proposals are further supported while others are challenged. In addition, I suggest that our increased global reliance as well as advances in technology should force further changes to our democratic institutions.