It has been common wisdom for centuries that scientific inference cannot be deductive; if it is inference at all, it must be a distinctive kind of inductive inference. According to demonstrative theories of induction, however, important scientific inferences are not inductive in the sense of requiring ampliative inference rules at all. Rather, they are deductive inferences with sufficiently str...

People reason about possibilities routinely, and reasoners can infer “modal” conclusions, i.e., conclusions that concern what is possible or necessary, from premises that make no mention of modality. For instance, given that Cullen was born in New York or Kentucky, it is intuitive to infer that it’s possible that Cullen was born in New York, and a recent set of studies on modal reasoning bear o...

There are different methods that can be used by product managers in order to set the subscription price of cloud services. No matter the methodology used, the price of a cloud service has to be able to stand against the total-costof-ownership of the cloud service on-premise equivalent. Calculating the cost difference between a cloud service and its on-premise equivalent can be a valuable tool f...

Two studies examined conditional reasoning with false premises. In Study 1, 12- and 16-year-old adolescents made "if-then" inferences after producing an alternative antecedent for the major premise. Older participants made more errors on the simple modus ponens inference than did younger ones. Reasoning with a false premise reduced this effect. Study 2 examined the relation between performance ...

one of the important discussions in the science of principles of jurisprudence is generalization and restriction. implication of generality from proper nouns and sentences is through premises of wisdom. there are different viewpoints about generic nouns in terms of conventionality of their reference to generality or their being based . on premises of wisdom, like proper nouns and sentences. pre...

A eight years of increasing involvement in Afghanistan, the US-led Coalition appears to be at an intellectual crossroads. Despite progress in a number of sectors, the tipping point in favor of an irreversible momentum toward functional governance remains elusive. As frustration mounts, Coalition members have become more vocal about their desire to withdraw by a certain deadline rather than seei...

It is shown how two tools developed in argumentation theory are useful for AI systems for electronic democracy [2,3] and more generally for formal dialogue systems representing deliberation. The novel part of this analysis is that it represents the speech of proposing as a small dialogue exchange in which one party practically reasons with another, based on premises that both are committed to, ...

We want to encourage researchers to investigate the potential of proof systems that modify a given set of formulas (e.g., a set of clauses in propositional logic) in a way that preserves satisfiability but not necessarily logical equivalence. We call such modifications interferences, because they can change the models of a given set of formulas. Interferences differ from classical inferences, w...