This paper illustrates how interval analysis can be used as a basis for generalized models of uncertainty. When epistemic uncertainty is presented as a range and the aleatory is based on available information, or when random variables are assigned an interval probability, the uncertainty will have a Probability Bound (PB) structure. When Interval Monte Carlo (IMC) is used to sample random varia...

The evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is widely regarded as supplying the ‘gold standard’ in medicine—we may sometimes have to settle for other forms of evidence, but this is always epistemically second-best. But how well justified is the epistemic claim about the superiority of RCTs? This paper adds to my earlier (predominantly negative) analyses of the claims produced in favou...

In this essay we introduce the idea of an epistemic triangle, with factual, theoretical, and conceptual investigations at its vertices, and argue that whereas scientific progress requires a balance among the three types of investigations, psychology’s epistemic triangle is stretched disproportionately in the direction of factual investigations. Expressed by a variety of different problems, this...

The present paper examines how to develop technology-mediated educational practices from acquisition and participation type approaches towards more sustained, collaborative knowledge creation, where students’ work is organized around developing shared epistemic objects (artefacts, processes, practices). Typical forms of technologymediated collaborative practices in education are illustrated thr...

The goal of the current study is to suggest a novel paradigm of epistemic modal operator originated from the disjunction. Our main data is Korean disjunction operator nka which forms a non-factual question. Examining how the modal effect in question is induced by nka, I propose that the prerequisite of nka brings about non-homogenous nonveridical (i.e. modal) spaces partitioned in equipoised ep...

In this paper a knowledge representation language is related to a framework of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). A logical formalism has FCA contexts on its semantic side, and formal conceptual systems as proof theories. Agents are associated with (sets of) consistent sources of information, and every source gives rise to a single theory. A family of theories is formed and it is used to build a co...

This paper examines how clinicians promote pediatric patients' symptom accounts at the beginning of visits in three pediatric tertiary care clinics at a university hospital in the United States: pain, gastroenterology and neurology. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected for 69 patient-parent pairs, including videotaped intake visits. Two forms of child account promotion, together wit...