This paper studies four substitutable products in a two level supply chain which consists of two suppliers and two manufacturers. We develop two competitive models that decisions are made on the decentralized and centralized decisions respectively. Then we get the optimal pricing for four products in each condition. Through detail numerical analyses, we discuss the price, product demand and the...

A revenue sharing contract is one of the mechanisms that coordinate decision makers in a decentralized supply chain toward the consensual goal. The transfer prices between different echelons in the supply chain influence the total supply chain profits. The study aims to explore various transfer pricing heuristics on the supply chain coordination in terms of the supply chain profits and their in...

The supply chain has been traditionally defined as a one-way, integrated manufacturing process wherein raw materials are converted into final products, then delivered to customers. Under this definition, the supply chain includes only those activities associated with manufacturing, from raw material acquisition to final product delivery. However, due to recent changing environmental requirement...

Sustainable supply chain has become an integral part of the corporate strategy. In this paper, a real case study of the natural gas supply chain has been investigated. Using concepts related to natural gas industry and the relations among the compo-nents of gas and oil wells, refineries, storage tanks, dispatching, transmission and distribution network, a seven-level supply chain has been intro...

Supply chain management is the integration of the activities that procure materials, transform them into intermediate goods and final products, and deliver them to customers [1]. New product development (NPD) processes include design and development along with sourcing through the company’s development chain. In order to remain competitive, supply chains must continuously develop and deliver ne...

This research develops a model for the implementation of the perishable supply chain management based on the clients’ expectation factors of the products. This study analyzes in special the processes of the chicken supply chain.

In today’s competitive market place, companies seek an efficient structure of supply chain so as to provide customers with highest value and achieve competitive advantage. This requires a broader perspective than just the borders of an individual company during a supply chain. This paper investigates an aggregate production planning problem integrated with distribution issues in a supply chain ...

Double marginalization effect refers to the phenomenon that when both upstream and downstream firms have monopolistic power, customers pay higher retail price and firms make less profit than when the supply chain is vertically integrated (Tirole, 1988). Although double marginalization effect has been extensively studied in the context of supply chain management for mature products, very limited...

We study a supply chain network equilibrium model for perishable products under the theory of discrete choice models, which comprises multiple perishable product manufacturers, distributors and retailers. Our goal is to present equilibrium outputs for different firms in this supply chain network model for perishable products based on retailers’ utility maximization. The network model is built u...

Nowadays, the design of a strategic supply chain network under disruption is one of the most important priorities of the governments. One of the strategic purposes of managers is to supply the sustainable agricultural products and food in stable conditions which require the production of soil nutrients. In this regard, some disruptions such as sanctions and natural disasters have a destructive ...