BACKGROUND Interferon γ (IFN-γ) increases the expression of multiple genes and responses; however, the mechanisms by which IFN-γ downmodulates cellular responses is not well understood. In this study, the repression of CCL3 and CCL4 by IFN-γ and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in macrophages and upon Salmonella typhimurium infection of mice was investigated. METHODS Small molecule regulators a...

OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of hydro-ethanolic fruit extract of Rosa canina (R. canina) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups of 8 animals of each, including control, toxic (CCl4), R. canina 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg + CCl4 ...

This study was performed to examine the hepatoprotective effect of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Compositae), against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) 30 min before and 2 h after CCl4 (20 μl/kg) injection....

Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are considered to play an important role in the development of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Esculentoside A (EsA), isolated from the Chinese herb phytolacca esculenta, has the effect of modulating immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as anti-inflammato...

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (2.5 ml/kg body wt.) and the hepatotoxicity was compared with that of rats receiving the same dose of CCl4 and an intraperitoneal injection of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (2 g/kg body wt.). A 50-70% decrease in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities was observed in the latter treatment, indicating a protective role ...

The root of Arctium lappa Linne (A. lappa) (Compositae), a perennial herb, has been cultivated for a long time as a popular vegetable. In order to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of A. lappa, male ICR mice were injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 32 microl/kg, i.p.) or acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, i.p.). A. lappa suppressed the SGOT and SGPT elevations induced by CCl4 or acetaminoph...

We have investigated the effect of a therapeutic agent for liver disease, Laennec, on the GOT leakage from freshly isolated and primary cultured rat hepatocytes which were treated with CCl4. By treatment with Laennec together with CCl4, the GOT leakage from isolated hepatocytes increased and that from cultured hepatocytes decreased, compared to those incubated only with CCl4. The results sugges...

Lemon balm and dandelion are commonly used medicinal herbs exhibiting numerous pharmacological activities that beneficial for human health. In this study, we explored the protective effects of a 2:1 (w/w) mixture lemon extracts (MLD) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in mice. CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg; i.p.) injection inhibited body weight gain increased relative weight. Pre-admin...