Abstract Indicative and subjunctive conditionals are in non-complimentary distribution: there conversational contexts at which both licensed (Stalnaker 1975; Karttunen Peters 1979; von Fintel 1998). This means we can ask an important, but under-explored, question: license both, what relations hold between the two? In this paper, I’ll argue for initially surprising conclusion: when attention is ...

This paper examines whether the Latin American equity markets of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico have become more integrated with the US equity market. We empirically measure integration by finding the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) between each market and that in the U.S. using a DCC multivariate GARCH model. We then track how these correlations evolve over time using a smooth trans...

A major focus in studies of multivariate evolution is on trying to understand the biological and evolutionary forces that shape patterns of covariance between organismal traits. This is particularly truewith respect to studies concerned with the topics of phenotypic integration and modularity (see Chernoff and Magwene 1999, for a review). In a recent paper published in Systematic Biology on the...

language is a system of overlapping relations, in a way that the concept of a component would not be transferred except in relation with other components and elements. there are two types of relationship between the linguistic structures: verbal and semantic relationships which are intimately linked to each other, because the word holds the meaning and is a means to express it.  considering the...

The increment integration of renewable distributed energies means the desired operation of the electric power system will significantly depend on the performance of primary energy. In this order, an integrated approach for mutual interaction between the electricity and natural gas systems has been considered for the purpose of ensuring optimal energy exchanging between the electric power system...

In this paper, we present a method for the accurate estimation of derivative (aka. sensitivity) expectations functions involving an indicator function by modifying (stochastic) algorithmic differentiation, replacing with suitable operator. We show that can split operator into conditional expectation and density. This allows using different or improved numerical approximation methods these opera...

In the first part, we recall the pure and simple notion of the truth-functional (alias material) conditional proposition, and then how it can occur in combination with other elements, creating more complex kinds of conditional assertion. We discuss the subtle distinction between conditional probability and the probability of a conditional. Finally, we explain the notion of a counterfactual cond...

It is widely assumed that the integration of orientation contrast across spatial gaps within the long-range regime is not selective to the contrast sign of the individual stimuli. Probabilistic models of perceptual integration, however, suggest that long-range spatial integration should be, if not selective, at least sensitive to local contrast signs. To clarify this issue, we tested prediction...