In this paper we develop a new approach for land leveling in order to improve the topology of a large area for irrigation or civil projects. The objective in proposed model is to minimize the total volume of cutting so that technical requirements of land leveling such as suitable slope and standard ratio of cutting to filling and maximum penstock point’s height are considered. We develop a warp...

In manufacturing by machining, thermal loads on cutting tools can have a major influence on tool wear and hence process cost, especially at higher cutting speeds. An investigation has been undertaken to determine heat partition into the cutting tool for high-speed machining of AISI/SAE 4140 high-strength alloy steel with uncoated and TiN-coated tools. The cutting tests have been performed at cu...

Machining operations are very common for the production of auto parts, i.e., connecting rods, crankshafts, etc. In machining, use cutting oil is necessary, but it leads to higher machining costs and environmental problems. About 17% cost any product associated with fluid, about 80% skin diseases due mist fumes generated by oils. Environmental legislation operators’ safety demand minimal fluid p...

In this study we deal with the two-dimensional non-guillotine cutting problem of how to cut a set of larger rectangular objects to a set of smaller rectangular items in exactly a demanded number of pieces. We are concerned with the special case of the problem in which the non-used material of the cutting patterns (objects leftovers) may be used in the future, for example if it is large enough t...

We study the proportional chore division problem where a protocol wants to divide a negatively valued object, called chore, among n different players. The goal is to find an allocation such that cost of the chore assigned to each player be at most 1/n of the total cost. This problem is the dual variant of the cake cutting problem in which we want to allocate a desirable object. Edmonds and Pruh...

BACKGROUND The neurosurgical procedure of hinge decompressive craniectomy (hDC), or hinge craniotomy (HC), as described from units in the advanced countries makes use of metallic implants, usually titanium plates and screws, which may not be economically viable in resource-limited practice settings. METHODS We describe our surgical techniques for performing this same procedure of hDC in a dev...

An important tool for biological research and microsurgery is a microdevice for the cutting and isolation of subcellular neuronal components such as axons and dendrites for analysis or microsurgery. We have fabricated an easy-to-use, inexpensive and robust MEMS device with a nanoscale cutting tool that performs highly reproducible cutting of axons and dendrites. The device consists of a knife w...

---------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------Surface quality of the machined parts is one of the most important product quality indicators and most frequent customer requirements. Metal cutting processes are important due to increased consumer demands for quality metal cutting related products more precise tolerance...

knowledge of surgery is one of the milestones in islamic civilization. the purpose of this study was to find principles and proven techniques used by muslim surgeons, third to twelfth century ah. the present study, enjoying a historical approach, used a descriptive analysis method with matching samples. the findings of the study revealed that, during this period, some of the principles and tech...